Tuckman’s (1965) model of team development includes five stages:ĭuring the initial stage, team members come together. Trust, openness, honesty, cooperation, confrontation, and reviewing results become the norm. The team achieves high flexibility and appropriate leadership for different situations, and prioritizes development for continued success. Rules and procedures are agreed upon, and improved relationships and methods from the previous stage are maintained. The team is willing to take risks and includes more active listening and short periods of group introspection. Unclear objectives, established policies, and a lack of shared understanding prevail. Woodcock’s (1979) model of team development also has four stages: Fourth stage: Control and organization where members can work independently.Third stage: Motivation and productivity of the team.Second stage: Open communication, problem-solving, and decision-making.First stage: Building trust among team members.Bass and Ryterband’s modelīass and Ryterband’s (1979) model of team development includes four stages and areas of focus: The following three early models are valuable for our current understanding of how effective teams evolve (Davenport, 2009). Several psychological and organizational models and frameworks have grown out of the need to understand and explain how teams form, grow, develop, maintain, and change in the workplace. Psychological research has confirmed that the following elements are the minimum prerequisites for an effective team: We know what influences team dynamics, and some interventions that help develop teamwork” (Salas et al., 2018, p. “We know what effective teams do, think, and feel. Understanding the psychology of group dynamics The team members not only share expectations for accomplishing group tasks, but trust and support one another and respect one another’s individual differences” (Team building: Introduction, n.d., para. “Team building is an ongoing process that helps a work group evolve into a cohesive unit. When considered together, it’s possible to arrive at the following teamwork definition: “Teamwork can be defined as the ability of team members to work together, communicate effectively, anticipate and meet each other’s demands, and inspire confidence, resulting in a coordinated collective action” (Salas & Cannon-Bowers, 2001, extract).Īnd a definition of team building might arise as follows: The points above are helpful because they enable us to distinguish between people working together in groups and those forming effective teams. An effective recognition and reward system.High degree of respect and trust, both individually and for each other’s contributions to team performance.Variety of personality types and strengths among its team members.Range of skills and know-how among team members to handle tasks effectively.Clear understanding of the team’s objectives and goals.Therefore, an effective team has the following attributes (Davenport, 2009): With the modern workplace demanding successful partnering across functional and geographical divides, fostering collaborative team working cultures becomes increasingly vital (Davenport, 2009). Is psychologically aware of each of its membersĪnd yet, teams go further.Members recognize themselves as a social entity that (Davenport, 2009): We must begin by understanding what defines a “group.” Within an organization, a group is more than simply a collection of people. 13).īut then, what are teams exactly, and how do we define them? Teamwork definition Innovation is often the result of constant communication and side-by-side work and takes place “when collaboration translates each person’s creativity into group genius” and conflict is avoided (Sawyer, 2007, p. Because of their prevalence and impact, “our safety, security, comfort, and innovation depend on good teamwork and collaboration” (Salas et al., 2018, p. Psychology has come a long way in understanding such complex groups-as recognized by a special issue on the “ Science of Teamwork” in the American Psychological Association’s flagship journal American Psychologist in 2018. Psychological theory, research, and models provide valuable insights and guidance into effective team building and maintenance in various workplace settings, including schools, hospitals, corporate offices, oil rigs, power plants, and the military (Salas et al., 2018). The Psychology of Teamwork: What Makes an Effective Team? 10 Team-Building Skills for Successful Teams.2 Real-Life Examples of Effective Teamwork.The Psychology of Teamwork: What Makes an Effective Team?.
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